Pathology training encompasses microscopy, chemistry, hematology, blood and tissue banking, microbiology, parasitology, virology, forensic medicine… the list goes on to include everything you can think of when it comes to medical testing.
Many pathologists now sub-specialize just like internists or surgeons to focus their practice on specific organ systems, such as the skin or nervous system for example, and get additional training and certification in these areas.
Independent medical laboratories and hospitals usually have a pathologist director to provide professional leadership as well as ensure quality performance and interconnectivity with the medical staff.
Without a well-run laboratory most physicians today would be unable to practice modern medicine.